I-Surge isho ukuphakama okudlula ngokushesha ukuzinza, okuhlanganisa ama-voltage okwandayo namaza okwanda. Ukwanda kwezinhlelo zokuphakela ugesi ikakhulukazi zivela ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: zangaphandle (izizathu zombani) nezangaphakathi (izisetshenziswa zikagesi ziqala futhi zima, njll.). Izici zokukhuphuka ngokuvamile zifushane kakhulu. I-overvoltage ebangelwa umbani kuvame ukuba sezingeni le-micro-second, i-overvoltage ebangelwa imishini kagesi ivame ukuba ngama-millisecond, kodwa i-voltage esheshayo kanye namanje kukhulu kakhulu, futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukusebenzisa imishini kagesi futhi Ikhebula liyingozi, ngakho-ke umvikeli ohlinzayo uyadingeka ukuze azivikele. Umvikeli ohlinzayo, igama lesiNgisi elithi Surge Protective Device, elibizwa ngokuthi i-SPD, iyinsiza ye-elekthronikhi yokunikeza ukuvikeleka kokuphepha kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-elekthronikhi, izinsimbi, nemigqa yokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi ukukhawulela ukugcwala ngokweqile kanye nemisinga yokuphuma kwegazi yokopha. Isivikeli sokuhlinza ngokuvamile sihambisana nezinto ezivikelwe. Uma i-overvoltage ikhiqizwa, ingasebenza njenge-split kanye ne-voltage pressure. Vimbela imisinga eyeqile ekulimaleni kudivayisi. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesivikeli sokuhlinza ziyingxenye engaqondile ngaphakathi. Ngokusho kwezingxenye ezihlukene ezingezona umugqa, isivikeli sokuhlinza singahlukaniswa sibe uhlobo lokushintshwa (isici esiyinhloko siwukukhululeka okukhishiwe) kanye nohlobo lwengcindezi ekhawulelwe (isici esiyinhloko siwukungazweli kwengcindezi). Nakuba igebe lokukhipha kanye nesimiso sokusebenza sokumelana nokucindezela okuzwelayo kuhlukile, izici eziyisisekelo zifana kakhulu: uma kungekho overvoltage, impedance yabo iphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile i-megapometh, ecishe ilingane nokunqanyulwa. Lapho kwenzeka i-overvoltage, i-impedance yehla ngokushesha eYurophu eminingana. I-surge current izogeleza emhlabathini ngokusebenzisa umvikeli ohlinzayo, futhi ngeke ingene emishini, futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-impedance yomvikeli ohlinzayo incane, yayo emibili I-voltage kagesi nayo incane, futhi ngenxa yokufana kwemishini yakhe nevikelekile. , izovimbela idivayisi ukuthi imelane ne-voltage enkulu yokuqhuma. Ngale ndlela, imiphumela engcolile kanye nemikhawulo iyadlalwa.